Alibaba Develops AI Inference Chip Amid China's Push for Semiconductor Independence

Reviewed byNidhi Govil

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Alibaba is reportedly developing a new AI inference chip as part of China's broader efforts to reduce reliance on foreign semiconductors, particularly Nvidia's GPUs. This move comes amid growing tensions between the US and China over tech exports.

Alibaba's New AI Inference Chip

Alibaba, the Chinese e-commerce giant, is reportedly developing a new AI chip specifically designed for inference tasks

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. This move comes as part of China's broader push to reduce its reliance on foreign semiconductors, particularly Nvidia's GPUs, amid growing tensions with the United States over tech exports

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Source: Fast Company

Source: Fast Company

The chip, developed by Alibaba's T-Head division, is expected to handle a more diverse set of workloads compared to its predecessor, the Hanguang 800, introduced in 2019

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. Unlike Nvidia's chips, which are capable of both training and inference, Alibaba's new chip will focus primarily on inference tasks, which involve running AI applications rather than training large models

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China's Ambitious AI Chip Plans

China's chipmakers are aiming to triple the country's total output of AI processors by 2026

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. This ambitious goal is part of a broader strategy to create a robust domestic AI ecosystem that can compete with Western technology.

Source: Financial Times News

Source: Financial Times News

Key developments in China's AI chip industry include:

  1. Huawei is set to begin production at a dedicated AI chip plant by the end of 2025, with two more facilities planned for 2026

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  2. SMIC, China's leading chip manufacturer, plans to double its capacity for 7nm chips in 2026

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  3. Smaller Chinese chip designers like Cambricon, MetaX, and Biren are expected to receive larger allocations of SMIC's capacity

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The DeepSeek Factor

DeepSeek, a leading Chinese AI start-up, has emerged as a key player in shaping the country's AI chip standards. The company recently announced that its models are now using a type of FP8 data format designed to adapt to the next generation of domestic chips

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. This move could potentially help Chinese AI players compete with international rivals, even if their chips are generations behind Nvidia's offerings.

Challenges and Opportunities

While China's push for semiconductor independence presents significant opportunities, it also faces several challenges:

  1. Manufacturing restrictions: Due to US export controls, Chinese companies are limited in their ability to work with advanced foundries like TSMC or Samsung Electronics

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  2. Memory constraints: Access to high-bandwidth memory (HBM) is restricted, forcing Chinese chip makers to rely on slower alternatives or older HBM versions

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  3. Ecosystem development: Creating a competitive AI ecosystem requires years of collaboration between chip makers, memory manufacturers, and software developers

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Source: Reuters

Source: Reuters

Global Implications

The development of domestic AI chips in China could have far-reaching consequences for the global semiconductor industry. As Chinese companies like Alibaba, Huawei, and DeepSeek continue to innovate, they may eventually challenge the dominance of US firms like Nvidia in the AI chip market

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However, it's worth noting that Chinese companies are not entirely abandoning foreign technology. Alibaba, for instance, plans to continue using both its own chips and those from other vendors like Nvidia

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. This suggests that, at least in the near term, China's AI chip development efforts are focused on reducing dependency rather than achieving complete technological isolation.

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