China Launches Antitrust Probe into Nvidia Amid Escalating US-China Chip War

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China's market regulator investigates Nvidia for alleged antitrust violations, focusing on its 2020 Mellanox acquisition, as tensions rise in the global AI chip market. The probe comes amid ongoing trade disputes between the US and China over advanced technology exports.

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China Launches Antitrust Investigation into Nvidia

China's State Administration for Market Regulation has initiated an antitrust probe into US chip giant Nvidia, alleging violations of the country's anti-monopoly laws 1. The investigation, announced on December 9, focuses on potential breaches of commitments made during Nvidia's $6.9 billion acquisition of Israeli data center firm Mellanox Technologies in 2020 2.

Impact on Nvidia's Market Position

Nvidia, which previously dominated China's AI chip market with over a 90% share, has already been significantly affected by US sanctions 1. The company's stock dipped 2.6% following the announcement, despite a 180% increase year-to-date 2. Nvidia derives approximately 16% of its revenue from China, making it the second-largest market after the United States 2.

Escalating US-China Trade Tensions

This probe is the latest development in ongoing trade disputes between the United States and China. Recently, the US imposed export restrictions on 140 Chinese companies, including chip firms Piotech and SiCarrier, aiming to limit China's access to advanced AI technology 3. In response, China announced export controls on key minerals such as gallium, germanium, and antimony, citing national security concerns 3.

Nvidia's Adaptation to Export Restrictions

Nvidia has been navigating these trade tensions by developing modified chips for the Chinese market. In 2022, the company created tailored versions of its A100 and H100 chips to comply with US sanctions. However, these versions were again restricted by the US in October 2023, prompting Nvidia to release another set of modified chips for China 1.

Global Implications and Industry Reactions

The investigation has raised concerns that China may be using the probe as retaliation against US tech export restrictions 5. However, industry analyst Patrick Moorhead suggests that the investigation is primarily focused on Nvidia's dominance in GPU sales for generative AI, predicting similar probes in other regions 5.

Nvidia's Response and Future Outlook

Nvidia has stated that it "wins on merit" and is "happy to answer any questions regulators may have about our business" 5. Despite the challenges, Nvidia reported record-high quarterly revenue in November, with growth in data center revenue from China due to shipments of export-compliant Hopper products 4.

As tensions continue to escalate in the global AI chip market, this antitrust probe highlights the complex interplay between technological advancement, market dominance, and geopolitical strategies in the semiconductor industry.

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