86 Nations Back Delhi Declaration on AI, But Deep Divides Over Governance Remain

Reviewed byNidhi Govil

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Eighty-six countries endorsed the New Delhi Declaration at India's AI Impact Summit, calling for secure, trustworthy and robust AI. But the non-binding agreement masks fundamental disagreements: the United States rejected global AI governance, small nations highlighted unequal access to technology, and Serbia warned that AI infrastructure is inherently political.

86 Countries Endorse Non-Binding AI Declaration

Eighty-six countries and two international organizations endorsed the New Delhi Declaration on artificial intelligence at India's AI Impact Summit, held from February 16-21, 2026

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. The agreement calls for "secure, trustworthy and robust AI" that prioritizes human-centric AI development, expands benefits to developing economies, and strengthens public-interest applications in healthcare and education

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. Major signatories include the United States, China, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Russia, Japan, and Australia

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Source: ET

Source: ET

India's minister for electronics and IT, Ashwini Vaishnaw, framed the declaration as proof of "broad global support" for responsible AI that tackles algorithmic bias, cybersecurity risks, workforce disruption, and societal impact

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. The document represents the largest consensus on AI principles to date—far exceeding the 28 signatories at Bletchley Park in 2023 or the 11 at the AI Seoul Summit

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. Yet the declaration contains no concrete commitments or enforcement mechanisms, instead highlighting voluntary, non-binding initiatives

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Source: CXOToday

Source: CXOToday

United States Rejects Global AI Governance

Michael Kratsios, Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, made clear the United States opposes centralized oversight. "We totally reject global governance of AI," Kratsios said during the summit, emphasizing instead "sovereign AI capability" and arguing that AI should advance through trade and partnership rather than supranational regulatory structures

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. American AI, he declared, is "open for business" and would prioritize "trade over aid"

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The United States signed a bilateral declaration with India pledging to "pursue a global approach to AI that is unapologetically friendly to entrepreneurship and innovation"

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. This stance reveals fundamental tensions within the global AI framework: while the New Delhi Declaration stresses cooperative guardrails, Washington's emphasis on national capacity and strategic partnerships illustrates limitations in achieving harmonized international collaborations

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Small Nations Highlight Unequal Access and Data Sovereignty

Prime Minister of Mauritius Navin Ramgoolam warned that countries outside major blocs lack financing tools such as concessionary loans or subsidies and have limited access to capital for research and development. "Without external partnerships, smaller states do not have the capacity to invest in the R and D that is required," he said

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. The Vice-President of Seychelles, Sebastien Pillay, emphasized that small states possess "human capital" and want AI to strengthen government efficiency, economic diversification, and food security—but realizing those ambitions requires sustained technology transfer and legal readiness, not just diplomatic language

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Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić sharpened the geopolitical dimension by arguing that AI infrastructure is inherently political. He warned of an "unprecedented concentration of technological power" and questioned whether a small number of actors would set the rules for everyone else. "Sovereignty in the 21st Century includes the ability to control data, regulate algorithms, and develop domestic expertise," Vučić said

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. His comments underscore concerns about data sovereignty that resonate across the Global South.

Summit Marred by Logistical Chaos

The AI Summit drew more than 250,000 registrations and featured appearances by tech leaders including Sam Altman of OpenAI and Sundar Pichai of Alphabet

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. But the opening day descended into chaos when Prime Minister Narendra Modi's security detail sealed the entire Bharat Mandapam complex, leaving hundreds of delegates stranded for hours without food or water . Participants complained about long queues, overcrowding, and confusion

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. Dhananjay Yadav, founder of wearable AI start-up NeoSapiens, alleged that products from his company's stall were stolen inside the high-security zone

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Source: ET

Source: ET

Despite operational lapses, attendees expressed optimism about India's role in shaping AI development. Philippe Wieczorek of an AI research institute at Université Grenoble Alpes said he's looking at India as a potential partner for AI and sovereignty, noting that under US President Donald Trump, the United States is not a reliable partner for data sharing. "Coming to India is about building long-term collaborations and partnerships," he said .

What Comes Next for AI Safety Risks

Computing expert Stuart Russell told AFP that the commitments were "not completely inconsequential" but emphasized that countries should "build on these voluntary agreements to develop binding legal commitments to protect their peoples so that AI development and deployment can proceed without imposing unacceptable risks"

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. The next AI summit will take place in Geneva in 2027, while a UN panel on AI will begin work toward "science-led governance"

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India used the summit to advance its ambition to compete with the United States and China in AI, with Delhi expecting more than $200 billion in investments over the next two years

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. The gap between diplomatic consensus and enforceable action remains wide, but the summit succeeded in centering concerns of developing nations in global AI governance debates.

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