MCP: The New Universal Standard for AI Integration

MCP: The new "USB-C for AI" that's bringing fierce rivals together

What does it take to get OpenAI and Anthropic -- two competitors in the AI assistant market -- to get along? Despite a fundamental difference in direction that led Anthropic's founders to quit OpenAI in 2020 and later create the Claude AI assistant, a shared technical hurdle has now brought them together: How to easily connect their AI models to external data sources. The solution comes from Anthropic, which developed and released an open specification called Model Context Protocol (MCP) in November 2024. MCP establishes a royalty-free protocol that allows AI models to connect with outside data sources and services without requiring unique integrations for each service. "Think of MCP as a USB-C port for AI applications," wrote Anthropic in MCP's documentation. The analogy is imperfect, but it represents the idea that, similar to how USB-C unified various cables and ports (with admittedly a debatable level of success), MCP aims to standardize how AI models connect to the infoscape around them. So far, MCP has also garnered interest from multiple tech companies in a rare show of cross-platform collaboration. For example, Microsoft has integrated MCP into its Azure OpenAI service, and as we mentioned above, Anthropic competitor OpenAI is on board. Last week, OpenAI acknowledged MCP in its Agents API documentation, with vocal support from the boss upstairs. "People love MCP and we are excited to add support across our products," wrote OpenAI CEO Sam Altman on X last Wednesday. MCP has also rapidly begun to gain community support in recent months. For example, just browsing this list of over 300 open source servers shared on GitHub reveals growing interest in standardizing AI-to-tool connections. The collection spans diverse domains, including database connectors like PostgreSQL, MySQL, and vector databases; development tools that integrate with Git repositories and code editors; file system access for various storage platforms; knowledge retrieval systems for documents and websites; and specialized tools for finance, health care, and creative applications. Other notable examples include servers that connect AI models to home automation systems, real-time weather data, e-commerce platforms, and music streaming services. Some implementations allow AI assistants to interact with gaming engines, 3D modeling software, and IoT devices. What is "context" anyway? To fully appreciate why a universal AI standard for external data sources is useful, you'll need to understand what "context" means in the AI field. With current AI model architecture, what an AI model "knows" about the world is baked into its neural network in a largely unchangeable form, placed there by either an initial procedure called "pre-training," which calculates statistical relationships between vast quantities of input data ("training data" -- like books, articles, and images) and feeds it into the network as numerical values called "weights." Later, a process called "fine-tuning" might adjust those weights to alter behavior (such as through reinforcement learning like RLHF) or provide examples of new concepts. Typically, the training phase is very expensive computationally and happens either only once in the case of a base model, or infrequently with periodic model updates and fine-tunings. That means AI models only have internal neural network representations of events prior to a "cutoff date" when the training dataset was finalized. After that, the AI model is run in a kind of read-only mode called "inference" where users feed inputs into the neural network to produce outputs, which are called "predictions." They're called predictions because the systems are tuned to predict the most likely next token (a chunk of data, such as portions of a word) in a user-provided sequence. In the AI field, context is the user-provided sequence -- all the data fed into an AI model that guides the model to produce a response output. This context includes the user's input (the "prompt"), the running conversation history (in the case of chatbots), and any external information sources pulled into the conversation, including a "system prompt" that defines model behavior and "memory" systems that recall portions of past conversations. The limit on the amount of context a model can ingest at once is often called a "context window," "context length, " or "context limit," depending on personal preference. While the prompt provides important information for the model to operate upon, accessing external information sources has traditionally been cumbersome. Before MCP, AI assistants like ChatGPT and Claude could access external data (a process often called retrieval augmented generation, or RAG), but doing so required custom integrations for each service -- plugins, APIs, and proprietary connectors that didn't work across different AI models. Each new data source demanded unique code, creating maintenance challenges and compatibility issues. MCP addresses these problems by providing a standardized method or set of rules (a "protocol") that allows any supporting AI model framework to connect with external tools and information sources. How does MCP work? To make the connections behind the scenes between AI models and data sources, MCP uses a client-server model. An AI model (or its host application) acts as an MCP client that connects to one or more MCP servers. Each server provides access to a specific resource or capability, such as a database, search engine, or file system. When the AI needs information beyond its training data, it sends a request to the appropriate server, which performs the action and returns the result. To illustrate how the client-server model works in practice, consider a customer support chatbot using MCP that could check shipping details in real time from a company database. "What's the status of order #12345?" would trigger the AI to query an order database MCP server, which would look up the information and pass it back to the model. The model could then incorporate that data into its response: "Your order shipped on March 30 and should arrive April 2." Beyond specific use cases like customer support, the potential scope is very broad. Early developers have already built MCP servers for services like Google Drive, Slack, GitHub, and Postgres databases. This means AI assistants could potentially search documents in a company Drive, review recent Slack messages, examine code in a repository, or analyze data in a database -- all through a standard interface. From a technical implementation perspective, Anthropic designed the standard for flexibility by running in two main modes: some MCP servers operate locally on the same machine as the client (communicating via standard input-output streams), while others run remotely and stream responses over HTTP. In both cases, the model works with a list of available tools and calls them as needed. A work in progress Despite the growing ecosystem around MCP, the protocol remains an early-stage project. The limited announcements of support from major companies are promising first steps, but MCP's future as an industry standard may depend on broader acceptance, although the number of MCP server seems to be growing at a rapid pace. Regardless of its ultimate adoption rate, MCP may have some interesting second-order effects. For example, MCP also has the potential to reduce vendor lock-in. Because the protocol is model-agnostic, a company could switch from one AI provider to another while keeping the same tools and data connections intact. MCP may also allow a shift toward smaller and more efficient AI systems that can interact more fluidly with external resources without the need for customized fine-tuning. Also, rather than building increasingly massive models with all knowledge baked in, companies may instead be able to use smaller models with large context windows. For now, the future of MCP is wide open. Anthropic maintains MCP as an open source initiative on GitHub, where interested developers can either contribute to the code or find specifications about how it works. Anthropic has also provided extensive documentation about how to connect Claude to various services. OpenAI maintains its own API documentation for MCP on its website.

OpenAI adds support for Anthropic's MCP LLM connectivity protocol - SiliconANGLE

OpenAI adds support for Anthropic's MCP LLM connectivity protocol OpenAI is rolling out support for MCP, an open-source technology that large language models can use to perform tasks in external systems and access the data they contain. OpenAI Chief Executive Officer Sam Altman announced the move on Wednesday. The development is notable partly because MCP was created by Anthropic PBC, the ChatGPT developer's best-funded startup rival. On launch, the MCP support is available in OpenAI's Agents SDK. It's an open-source toolkit that developers can use to build artificial intelligence agents. Over the coming months, OpenAI will integrate MCP into ChatGPT's desktop client and Responses API, the application programming service through which developers access its LLMs. Companies can make their LLMs more useful by connecting them to external systems. A retailer, for example, could give a language model access to a database of product listings and use it to generate shopping advice. Building such integrations historically involved a significant amount of work. Anthropic's MCP protocol eases the task. It provides software building blocks that developers can use to quickly connect their LLMs to external systems. According to the company, creating integrations using the protocol takes less than an hour in some cases. MCP enables LLMs to not only retrieve data from external systems but also perform actions in those systems. An LLM optimized for coding tasks could use the protocol to run a configuration script on a cloud instance. An AI-powered marketing tool, meanwhile, can enter ad performance metrics into an analytics application. OpenAI's decision to add support for MCP will make such features available to ChatGPT Desktop, Responses API and Agents SDK users. The ChatGPT developer's Wednesday update coincided with the launch of the latest MCP release. The new version includes several feature additions. MCP uses a technology called JSON-RPC to move data between LLMs and the systems to which they connect. According to Anthropic, the protocol's latest release adds a feature known as JSON-RPC batching. It allows MCP to package multiple LLM data requests into one large request, which increases efficiency. The new release also makes it easier for MCP-enabled systems to send notifications to the LLMs that access them. Additionally, Anthropic upgraded MCP's authorization mechanism to OAuth 2.1. It's the latest release of OAuth, a technology that helps applications establish secure connections with one another. Against the backdrop of the updates, OpenAI investor Microsoft Corp. debuted a new MCP integration of its own. The company released a tool called Playwright MCP that combines the Anthropic-developed protocol with its own Playwright software. Microsoft originally developed Playwright to ease the task of testing websites for bugs. The software, which is available under an open-source license, can automatically perform actions in a browser. Microsoft's newly released Playwright MCP tool harnesses Playwright's web browsing features to let LLMs interact with webpages. Developers can use the tool to automate tasks such as filling forms. According to Microsoft, Playwright MCP also enables coding-optimized LLMs to automate website testing tasks.

OpenAI Is Adding Support for Anthropic's Model Context Protocol

Altman said eventually, the entire OpenAI product lineup will support MCP OpenAI is adding support for Anthropic's open-source Model Context Protocol (MCP) across its products. Company CEO Sam Altman announced on Wednesday that the Agents software development kit (SDK) is now offering MCP support, and several other of its products will soon adopt it as well. The protocol essentially standardises how AI systems connect to external data sources, including third-party repositories and data hubs, to ensure that the chatbots do not behave differently. Notably, MCP was introduced to the open community in November 2024. In a post on X (formerly known as Twitter), Altman announced that the San Francisco-based AI firm will adopt the protocol, given its popularity among users and developers. While developers can find the support for MCP now in the Agents SDK, two more products will also adopt it in the coming days. These two products are the ChatGPT desktop app and the Responses application programming interface (API). Interestingly, the company is reportedly working on a feature that will soon let its Team subscribers connect the chatbot to Google Drive and Slack. It is possible that when the feature rolls out, it will also support MCP. OpenAI said it would share more information in the coming months. Last year, Anthropic open-sourced the protocol for the AI community. It solves a major challenge for AI systems. Most chatbots that are powered by large language models (LLMs) rely on internal databases to answer user queries. However, there are times when an AI system is being used to answer queries based on the internal knowledge base. This would require the system to connect to third-party cloud servers, legacy systems, and data repositories. Since AI space is still in its nascent stage, the widely different systems have different methods and processes of how they connect to data hubs. This leads to AI chatbots behaving differently when accessing these datasets. The issues range from latency problems to the file formats that are accessible to how the model processes the information. MCP solves it by offering a standardised protocol to connect to external data hubs. Reacting to the announcement, Anthropic's Chief Product Officer Mike Krieger said in a post, "Excited to see the MCP love spread to OpenAI! MCP has [become] a thriving open standard with thousands of integrations and growing. LLMs are most useful when connecting to the data you already have and software you already use."

Model Context Protocol (MCP) Explained The New Standard for AI Tools

Enter the Model Context Protocol (MCP), an open source standard introduced by Anthropic that's quickly gaining momentum in the AI world. Backed by major players like OpenAI and Google, MCP is designed to cut through the complexity of traditional integration methods. By standardizing how AI models communicate with external tools, it eliminates the need for custom configurations and reduces the risk of errors. Whether you're managing a single AI application or a sprawling network of tools, MCP offers a smarter, more streamlined way forward. Prompt Engineering explains how this protocol works and why it's poised to become a fantastic option for AI integration. MCP is a standardized protocol designed to streamline the way AI models communicate with external systems, eliminating the need for custom integrations. Historically, developers had to configure unique APIs for each tool, a process that was both time-intensive and prone to errors. MCP simplifies this by offering a unified framework that prioritizes functionality while reducing integration complexity. The protocol's primary objectives include: By addressing these challenges, MCP enables AI systems to operate more reliably, even in environments with diverse and complex tool ecosystems. This makes it a critical innovation for organizations seeking to optimize their AI deployments. MCP employs a modular architecture to assist seamless interactions between AI models and external tools. Its design divides responsibilities into three key components: This architecture abstracts the complexity of tool definitions and interactions. Instead of requiring the AI model to handle tool-specific details, MCP allows it to focus on processing and decision-making. This separation of responsibilities not only simplifies integration but also enhances the overall efficiency of AI systems. MCP simplifies the integration of tools into AI systems through a structured process: For example, if an AI-powered virtual assistant needs to retrieve weather data, the host queries the server, identifies the appropriate weather API, and processes the request -- all without requiring custom integration. This abstraction reduces the workload for developers and ensures smooth communication between components, making the system more robust and scalable. MCP offers several distinct advantages over traditional AI tool integration methods: These benefits make MCP particularly valuable for organizations managing large-scale AI deployments or diverse tool ecosystems. Its ability to streamline operations and reduce errors positions it as a critical tool for enhancing the reliability and efficiency of AI systems. Explore further guides and articles from our vast library that you may find relevant to your interests in Model Context Protocol (MCP). Traditional methods of AI tool integration often involve creating custom APIs for each tool. This approach is not only time-consuming but also prone to errors, as developers must manually track, update, and maintain these integrations. Such inefficiencies can hinder the scalability and reliability of AI systems. MCP addresses these challenges by introducing a layer of abstraction. It standardizes tool definitions and interactions, significantly reducing the need for manual intervention. This approach is comparable to the Language Server Protocol (LSP) in software development, which has successfully streamlined communication between code editors and programming language servers. By applying a similar methodology to AI tool integration, MCP offers a more efficient and reliable alternative to traditional practices. MCP is rapidly gaining traction as a potential industry standard. Developed by Anthropic and supported by major players like OpenAI and Google, its open source nature encourages collaboration and innovation within the AI community. This widespread backing underscores its potential to become a cornerstone of AI tool integration. The success of the LSP in software development serves as a strong precedent for MCP's adoption. By addressing similar challenges in AI integration, MCP is well-positioned to achieve widespread acceptance and become a critical component of the AI ecosystem. MCP is particularly beneficial in scenarios involving multiple tools or complex integrations. Enterprises managing AI systems that interact with various APIs, databases, or external services can use MCP to streamline operations and reduce errors. Its ability to abstract tool interactions makes it ideal for large-scale deployments. However, MCP may not be necessary for simpler setups involving only a few tools. Additionally, its reliance on servers introduces potential security risks. Organizations must carefully evaluate and secure servers to protect sensitive data and ensure compliance with industry standards. As AI systems continue to evolve, the demand for standardized communication protocols like MCP will only grow. While competing standards may emerge, MCP's open source foundation and strong industry backing position it as a leading contender for widespread adoption. In the years ahead, MCP is expected to gain broader support from both open source and proprietary AI models. Its ability to simplify tool integration, reduce errors, and enhance scalability makes it a vital innovation in the rapidly advancing AI landscape. For organizations looking to future-proof their AI systems, adopting MCP represents a strategic step toward greater efficiency, reliability, and adaptability.