Human Typing Speed and Review Time Now the Biggest Bottleneck in Race to AGI, Says OpenAI Executive

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Alexander Embiricos from OpenAI argues that human limitations like typing speed and manual review processes have become the primary constraint slowing AI productivity growth. While computing power and model size advance rapidly, the need for constant human supervision is now the critical bottleneck preventing progress towards AGI.

Human Limitations Emerge as Critical Constraint in AI Productivity

The race to artificial general intelligence faces an unexpected obstacle that has nothing to do with computing power or model sophistication. Alexander Embiricos, who heads product development for OpenAI's coding agent Codex, recently stated that human limitations such as human typing speed and the time required to review AI-generated work have become the most significant impediments to AI productivity growth

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. Speaking on Lenny's Podcast, Embiricos explained that while AI agents can already handle complex tasks like coding, the constant need for humans to write prompts and manually validate outputs creates a fundamental bottleneck in human-machine interaction

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Source: Digit

Source: Digit

The Shift From Technical to Human Bottlenecks

This issue highlights a dramatic shift in the constraints facing progress towards AGI. For years, the AI industry focused on faster chips and bigger models, areas that now advance rapidly

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. Human involvement now creates the biggest delay, according to Embiricos, affecting many industries using AI tools

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. As AI agents become capable of handling larger volumes of complex work, human review processes that require constant supervision emerge as the key constraint preventing organizations from unlocking significant productivity gains

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Making AI Systems Reliable by Default

Embiricos believes the next phase of growth needs a major shift in system design. AI agents must work reliably on their own, requiring less checking and fewer corrections

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. According to him, if we want to unlock the next stage of growth, systems must be redesigned so that agents become AI systems reliable by default, reducing the need for constant human intervention and minimizing human supervision

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. When systems become dependable by default, AI productivity can rise sharply across sectors

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Source: Analytics Insight

Source: Analytics Insight

Hockey Stick Growth and Near-Term Implications

Embiricos described AI productivity growth as gradual at first, then sudden—a pattern known as hockey stick productivity growth

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. Early adopters of better automation may see clear productivity gains as soon as next year, with larger companies following as trust in autonomous systems increases

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. This change could drive strong gains across sectors as workflows become more automated

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. However, Embiricos cautioned against simple solutions, noting that every use case differs and fully autonomous AI systems need careful design

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Implications for Enterprise Automation and Future Work

This shift affects the future of work in fundamental ways. By the time AI automation reaches its peak through widespread enterprise automation, human roles might focus primarily on planning, decision-making, and creative work, while routine typing and checking become less common

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. Embiricos predicted that AGI will emerge during the transition period between early productivity gains and widespread enterprise automation, as organizations learn to trust AI agents with progressively more complex tasks

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. The message is clear: smarter AI alone is not enough. Reducing human friction through better system design may decide how fast AGI becomes real [1](https://www.analyticsinsight.net/news/openai-reveals/why-human-reviews-are-holding-back-ai-productivity-growth].

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