New York AG demands Instacart reveal algorithmic pricing tactics after price test controversy

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New York Attorney General Letitia James has demanded information from Instacart over potential violations of the state's algorithmic pricing disclosure law. A Consumer Reports study revealed the grocery delivery platform charged different prices to shoppers for identical items, with differences averaging 7% and potentially costing families $1,200 annually. Instacart stock fell 2.1% following the announcement.

New York AG Targets Instacart Over Pricing Transparency

New York Attorney General Letitia James demanded information from Instacart on Thursday, signaling potential legal action over the company's Instacart pricing practices

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. The move follows intense scrutiny of the grocery delivery platform after research exposed significant price discrepancies among customers shopping for identical products. Instacart stock fell 2.1% in response to the announcement, reflecting investor concerns about regulatory pressure

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Source: Reuters

Source: Reuters

The investigation centers on whether Instacart violated New York's Algorithmic Pricing Disclosure Act, which took effect on November 10, 2025. This law requires companies to clearly inform customers when they use consumer information for pricing decisions with a prominent statement reading: "THIS PRICE WAS SET BY AN ALGORITHM USING YOUR PERSONAL DATA"

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. Letitia James warned that Instacart's current disclosures may fall short of legal requirements, as they appear "buried on a page only accessible by clicking on fine print text and are not clearly displayed near product prices"

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Study Reveals Substantial Price Variations

A study conducted in four U.S. cities by Consumer Reports and the Groundwork Collaborative uncovered troubling patterns in Instacart's pricing structure. The research showed that Instacart displayed different prices to shoppers for the same groceries, resulting in a 7% average cost difference across shoppers for the same grocery list at the same store

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. The study found that nearly three-quarters of grocery items in their experiment were offered at multiple price points on the platform, with price variations averaging 13% and reaching as high as 23% in some cases

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These price experiments could impose a significant financial burden on consumers. According to the research, the price variations could cost a typical family of four an additional $1,200 annually

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. The findings raise concerns about fairness and transparency in how online retailers deploy artificial intelligence pricing tool technology to determine what different customers pay.

Instacart's Response and AI Pricing Tool

Following the publication of the study, Instacart announced in December that it had stopped price experiments, including those conducted through its Eversight artificial intelligence pricing tool

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. The company maintained that the price tests were randomized and never based on personal data or characteristics of individual shoppers

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Despite this assertion, Instacart included a New York-mandated disclaimer on some of its store pages stating that prices were "set by an algorithm using your personal data." The disclosure noted that "certain prices and/or fees may vary based on randomized tests, we use personal information (such as delivery address) to calculate fees, and we offer certain personalized incentives"

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. However, the company indicated that its retail partners could continue testing different promotions and discounts on the platform even after it ended its own item price tests

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What the Attorney General Wants

New York Attorney General Letitia James has called on Instacart to hand over comprehensive information about its algorithmic pricing operations. The Attorney General is seeking details about the company's pricing agreements with retailers and brands, and wants Instacart to explain how it chose which customers were included in pricing experiments

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. The demand also encompasses information about automated pricing tools and compliance efforts with New York's disclosure requirements

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"Instacart's pricing experiments raise serious concerns about its use of algorithmic pricing, and I will not hesitate to take action to enforce our laws and protect consumers," James stated

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. This investigation signals growing regulatory scrutiny of how companies deploy algorithms to set prices, particularly when those systems may create different pricing experiences for different customers. As more states consider similar disclosure laws, the outcome of New York's investigation could shape how online retailers approach transparency around their use of personal data in pricing decisions across the country.

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