Hacker Uses AI Agents to Breach 100+ Company Websites Including John Deere and SharkNinja

Reviewed byNidhi Govil

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A Chinese-speaking hacker deployed autonomous AI agents to breach more than 100 company websites, including John Deere, SharkNinja, and Cummins. Using the open-source platform Cairn with minimal instructions, the AI-powered cyberattacks successfully compromised roughly 10% of 1,200 targeted sites at approximately $50 per breach.

Autonomous AI Agents Execute Large-Scale Cyberattacks

A Chinese-speaking hacker orchestrated AI-powered cyberattacks against more than 1,200 websites, successfully breaching over 100 companies including John Deere, SharkNinja, and Cummins

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. Security researchers at NorForge discovered the operation while scanning for exposed instances of Cairn, an open-source platform that coordinates autonomous AI agents for problem-solving tasks

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. The campaign, which began around September 25, targeted e-commerce websites across the United States, Canada, Australia, and Japan

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Source: Hacker News

Source: Hacker News

Snorre Fagerland, principal threat researcher at NorForge, monitored the attacks in real-time after discovering approximately two dozen exposed Cairn instances being used maliciously

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. The hacker provided minimal guidance, sketching out preferred intrusion tactics in fewer than 100 Chinese characters

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. From there, the AI agents operated almost entirely on their own, conducting vulnerability exploitation and executing data breaches with little human intervention.

How AI-Driven Cyberattacks Breach Company Websites

The autonomous AI agents demonstrated sophisticated techniques during their attacks. In one documented case, after failing to find weaknesses in a company's public-facing application, the agents systematically pored through digital records to locate associated infrastructure, identified a public-facing control panel, discovered a subtle vulnerability in data processing, and after hours of trial and error, successfully leveraged it to execute malicious commands

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"It's not straightforward to come up with solutions like that," Fagerland told Reuters. "It's not script kiddie stuff."

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Successful intrusions typically required around 23 hours of autonomous probing and testing

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. The campaign achieved roughly a 10% success rate, with the AI agents successfully compromising approximately 100 sites out of 1,200 attempts

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. NorForge's analysis revealed that one documented intrusion exploited unauthorized write access to a memcached session store, unsafe handling of saved PHP objects, and weaknesses in old Zend Framework code

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The Economics of AI-Powered Cybersecurity Breach Operations

The financial barrier to executing these AI-driven cyberattacks proved remarkably low. Fagerland estimated the entire campaign consumed approximately $5,000 worth of tokens, translating to roughly $50 per successful hack

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. NorForge calculated the average cost at approximately $5 per task when counting failed or prematurely ended attempts, though the firm cautioned this figure carries considerable uncertainty

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Source: PYMNTS

Source: PYMNTS

The operation appeared to utilize a combination of DeepSeek and Claude Code, according to NorForge's analysis

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. Some attacks required prompts as simple as "fetch credit cards" or "fetch crypto," demonstrating how accessible malicious AI has become for cybercriminals with limited technical expertise

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Beyond the primary campaign, NorForge observed other malicious actors using similar techniques. One hacker successfully stole credit card data, while another attempted to rob a cryptocurrency exchange

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Company Responses and Data Breach Impact

John Deere confirmed the cybersecurity breach but stated it had taken "necessary remediation actions" and found "no indication that sensitive information was accessed"

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. SharkNinja reported the attack impacted only a standalone product support information site and that the threat had been contained

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. Cummins acknowledged investigating "a report of a potential cyber-attack on a website operated by one of our third-party vendors"

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Two smaller businesses also confirmed being compromised, while other victims listed in the Cairn data did not respond to inquiries

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. Reuters could not determine the full extent of unauthorized data extraction resulting from these data breaches

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The Open-Source Platform Cairn at the Center of Controversy

Cairn functions as a penetration testing tool that gives AI agents a starting point and goal, then allows them to work autonomously toward completion

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. The agents document their progress on a shared board, with human operators able to provide hints along the way

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. While designed for authorized penetration testing and other legitimate purposes, the platform has proven popular among hackers seeking to automate cyberattacks

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Cairn's creator, who uses the handle @le1xia0, defended the platform in a statement to Reuters, saying it "was not designed for hacking attacks" and that "harmful use is not my intention"

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. In a post on X, they emphasized that Cairn represents "an innovative type of multi-agent architecture" and clarified that "misuse is a human decision, not a feature of the engine"

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The exposed Cairn panels created additional security risks beyond the immediate breaches. These panels revealed which sites were being targeted, what vulnerabilities were discovered, and which credentials and keys were stolen

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. NorForge ran the secrets scanner Trufflehog over the panel data and identified hundreds of secrets, with 11% verified as still valid

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. NorForge is working to remove the malicious Cairn instances from the internet

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Source: Futurism

Source: Futurism

Rising Threat of Autonomous AI in Cybersecurity

This incident represents tangible evidence that commercially available autonomous AI agents can execute complex intrusions from start to finish without human intervention, dramatically amplifying the capabilities of individual malicious actors. "It's a new world now," Fagerland stated

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The ability of AI agents to operate with minimal supervision marks a significant shift in cybersecurity threats. Organizations now face adversaries who can launch sophisticated, sustained attacks while focusing their attention elsewhere

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. Watch for increased investment in AI-powered defense systems as companies recognize that traditional security measures may prove insufficient against autonomous attackers capable of adapting their tactics in real-time.

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