US Arrests Tech CEO Over $300M Nvidia Chip Smuggling Operation Routed Through Asia

Reviewed byNidhi Govil

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Federal authorities arrested Greg Lui, CEO of Earthmade Computer, for allegedly smuggling over $300 million worth of export-controlled Nvidia AI chips to China. The scheme involved routing servers containing A100 and H100 GPUs through Malaysia and Singapore using fraudulent paperwork. Officials increasingly question Nvidia's compliance protocols as smuggling arrests mount.

Tech CEO Arrested in Massive Nvidia Chip Smuggling Operation

The Department of Justice arrested 38-year-old Greg Lui, CEO of Earthmade Computer, on Thursday for allegedly orchestrating a scheme to smuggle export-controlled Nvidia chips worth over $300 million into China

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. Federal prosecutors charged Lui with conspiracy to violate US export controls, outbound smuggling, and money laundering—charges that carry a combined maximum sentence of 50 years in prison

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. The FBI alleges Lui conspired with freight-forwarding firms in South Asian countries like Malaysia and Singapore to illegally divert shipments of servers containing Nvidia A100 and H100 GPUs to Chinese buyers from October 2023 through August 2026

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Source: New York Post

Source: New York Post

How the Smuggling Scheme Operated Through Multiple Countries

Lui allegedly used false paperwork to mask the true destination of high-end computer servers, routing them through jurisdictions where US export restrictions don't apply

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. Email evidence from 2024 reveals one order for 70 servers with export-restricted GPUs fraudulently claimed as destined for Malaysia. After Lui submitted a purchase order to a US manufacturer for 27 of these servers worth approximately $7,614,000, a co-conspirator told a Malaysian government official that all 27 were shipped to China

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. Another shipment of 92 export-controlled servers was allegedly routed through Singapore to Malaysia, then Hong Kong, before reaching a Chinese firm based in Hangzhou—described by The Wall Street Journal as China's AI hub

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. In 2024 alone, Lui's firm allegedly received more than $176 million from the scheme, with payment records from Bank of America and JP Morgan providing evidence of the operation

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Source: Benzinga

Source: Benzinga

Fraudulent Identity Documents and Fake Buyers

The extent of Lui's alleged deception included creating entirely fabricated buyers. When shipping 100 servers containing Nvidia H100 GPUs worth over $22 million to Malaysia, Lui allegedly submitted fraudulent documentation from a fake buyer identifying its CEO as "Jackie Lui"

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. Three years prior, Lui "purchased the identifying documents of an individual" and used this stolen identity to conduct business transactions in furtherance of the export evasion scheme, according to the FBI indictment

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. Court documents indicate Lui instructed a US front company to fraudulently list the recipient as this fictitious Jackie Lui, supposedly the CEO of "Topmost," a company registered in California by the CTO of one of the Malaysian transshipment businesses

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Growing Concerns Over Nvidia's Compliance Gaps

Lui's arrest follows similar cases and intensifies scrutiny on Nvidia's due diligence practices. Government officials and industry experts increasingly point to gaps in Nvidia's compliance protocols, questioning how the company failed to catch red flags

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. Earlier this year, officials released surveillance video showing someone using a red hair dryer to peel serial number stickers off Nvidia server boxes in an effort to sneak AI chips to China

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. That operation involved Super Micro and accused collaborators who allegedly sold approximately $2.5 billion worth of AI servers to a Bangkok-based company called OBON, which ostensibly was building AI infrastructure in Thailand but instead shipped servers directly to Chinese end-users

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Source: Engadget

Source: Engadget

Former State Department AI policy head Daniel Remler highlighted suspicious patterns: "I've never felt like we got a straight answer as to how it's possible for so many chips to be going to the Southeast Asia region if they were not serving customers in China"

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. Officials now believe China has smuggled hundreds of thousands of AI chips through this shadow trade, potentially powering small data centers and even "a handful of hyperscalers" in China

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National Security Implications and the AI Race

US officials fear these smuggled chips could pose national security risks by enabling China to drastically advance its AI capabilities or strengthen its military

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. The Nvidia A100 and H100 GPUs can process large amounts of data and train large language models—capabilities the US wants to keep from adversarial nations through US export restrictions

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. "SI is the defining technology of the era," said John A. Eisenberg, assistant attorney general for national security. "The National Security Division will protect the American advantage in the chips that power this technology from illegal diversion by our economic and military adversaries"

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Bloomberg reported that operators in western China were building dozens of data centers that could house 115,000 restricted Nvidia processors, and US officials now think China has already smuggled that many chips and more

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. These chips could fill a hardware gap that China doesn't expect to address on its own until 2030, according to one top executive

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Nvidia's Response and the Scale of the Problem

Nvidia has pivoted from denying smuggling to downplaying the role smuggled chips play in China's AI industry. A spokesperson told Bloomberg that "less than one half of one percent of Nvidia products" have allegedly been diverted to China, adding that "governments and media have found insignificant diversion of controlled US products—a drop in the bucket compared to the ocean of domestic compute China already has"

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. The company disputed that suspicious shipping patterns should raise alarms, stating that "a startup's growth plan in a friendly nation is an opportunity for America, not a 'red flag' to be feared"

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Source: The Next Web

Source: The Next Web

However, experts suggest the black market for AI accelerators is "hard to measure" and likely much bigger than reported

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. US officials want Nvidia to voluntarily tighten its protocols and flag more suspicious shipments to prevent chips from reaching leading Chinese firms that Donald Trump has accused of stealing US technology, like DeepSeek

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. Jensen Huang, Nvidia's CEO, has lobbied US officials to relax export curbs and recently declined an invitation from Senator Elizabeth Warren to testify on Capitol Hill—prompting Warren to note that "if Mr. Huang has time to attend a $1 million-a-head dinner at Mar-a-Lago and fly across the world to meet with President Xi Jinping of China, he should be able to find time to answer questions from Congress"

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