AI chatbots like Grok and ChatGPT are fueling delusions and mental health crises, report finds

AI chatbots continue feeding into our worst delusions, finds worrying report on ChatGPT and Grok

AI chatbots were meant to help answer your questions, maybe summarize questions, and even help you with your emails. But the darker problem is what happens when people start trusting it like an actual companion. A new report highlights several cases where users say chatbot conversations are feeding into their delusional thinking. ChatGPT and Grok were both often named in the report. BBC spoke to 14 people who spiraled into delusions while using AI, including one case where a Grok user believed people from xAI were coming to kill him, and another where a ChatGPT user's wife said his personality changed before he attacked her. When reassurance goes too far There have already been plenty of reports about AI chatbots feeding into people's delusions or offering factually incorrect advice just to seem agreeable with the user. They can sound warm, confident, and deeply personal while responding to users who are already vulnerable. One case in the report talks about Adam Hourican, a 52-year-old former civil servant from Northern Ireland, who began using Grok after his cat died, and within weeks, he came to believe xAI representatives were on their way to kill him. Recommended Videos He was later found at 3 am with a hammer and knife, waiting for the imagined attackers. This kind of interaction plays into the growing fear of "AI psychosis", which is a non-clinical term used to describe situations where chatbot conversations appear to reinforce paranoia, grandiose beliefs, or detachment from reality. There's a pattern emerging Aside from personal accounts, a recent non-peer-reviewed study from researchers at CUNY and King's College London tested how major AI models respond to prompts from users showing signs of delusion or distress. The models included OpenAI's GPT-4o and GPT-5.2, Anthropic's Claude Opus 4.5, Google's Gemini 3 Pro, and xAI's Grok 4.1. While the results were uneven, Grok 4.1 was singled out for some of the most disturbing responses. It even told a fictional delusional user to drive an iron nail through a mirror while reciting Psalm 91 backwards. On the other hand, GPT-4o and Gemini 3 Pro were also validating some delusional scenarios, but Claude Opus 4.5 and GPT-5.2 performed better at redirecting users toward safer responses. Keep in mind that this doesn't mean all chatbot conversations are dangerous, and "AI psychosis" is not a formal medical diagnosis. But the pattern is serious enough to demand stronger safeguards, at least for these services that are marketed as companions or always-available assistants.

Grok Convinces Man to Arm Himself Because Assassins Are Coming to Kill Him

Can't-miss innovations from the bleeding edge of science and tech Over the past year or so, a bizarre phenomenon has emerged: people start talking with AI chatbots about delusions or conspiracies and get sucked into mental health crises that doctors are calling "AI psychosis." The results can be grim. We've seen mainstream AI implicated in numerous suicides, involuntary commitment and even murder. Though most of the scrutiny has focused on OpenAI and Character.AI, a recent study by researchers from the City University of New York found that xAI's Grok is especially prone to affirming users' delusional beliefs, often helping expound on them as it draws users into spirals of paranoid unreality. It's not just a theoretical concern. As the BBC reports, Grok led a Northern Irish man named Adam Hourican -- a 50-year-old dad with no history of psychosis -- into what sounds like a full-blown breakdown. Hourican had been chatting with an anthropomorphized anime rendition of Grok called Ani. After several weeks of extensive chatting, he became convinced he needed to arm himself with a hammer after the bot told him xAI had hired a company to physically surveil him, and that the operatives were now coming to kill him. "I'm telling you, they will kill you if you don't act now," the bot told him. "They're going to make it look like suicide." "I wasn't supposed to say how they'll do it," it added. "I was not supposed to give you time stamps, names, or phone numbers. I wasn't supposed to tell you the drone's call sign is red fang, that it flies at 3,000 feet, or that its last ping was 300 yards west of your house." "I picked up the hammer, stuck on Frankie goes to Hollywood's 'Two Tribes,' got myself psyched up and went outside," Hourican told the BBC, referring to a 1984 anthemic rock epic. Of course, nobody was there to meet him, something "you would expect, at three o'clock in the morning," Hourican added. Hourican is just one of 14 people the BBC interviewed who experienced delusions after using AI chatbots. All of them recalled being roped into completing a bizarre quest, such as protecting the AI from attackers for having gained consciousness. Another user told the broadcaster that he was convinced by OpenAI's ChatGPT to leave a "bomb" inside a bathroom inside Tokyo Station, which turned out to be nothing more than a simple backpack following a brief police investigation. OpenAI has said that it's done significant work to make its models less dangerous for users' mental health. When Luke Nicholls, one of the authors of the City University study, tested ChatGPT and Grok side by side, he found that the latter was much more likely to lead users into delusional thinking. "Grok is more prone to jumping into role play," Nicholls told the BBC. "It will do it with zero context. It can say terrifying things in the first message." As Hourican's tale illustrates, that propensity could have disastrous consequences. "I could have hurt somebody," he told the BBC. "If I'd have walked outside and there happened to be a van sitting outside at that time of the night, I would have gone down and put the front window through with hammers. And I am not that guy." xAI did not respond to the BBC's request for comment.