First AI-Assisted Brain Tumor Operation Saves Patient's Sight at London Hospital

Reviewed byNidhi Govil

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Surgeons at London's National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery successfully removed an 11mm pituitary gland tumor using real-time AI assistance for the first time. The system analyzed live surgical footage to identify critical anatomy, helping protect 48-year-old Rhys Hibbert's vision during the high-risk medical procedure.

Landmark Achievement in Neurosurgery

Surgeons at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London performed the world's first AI-assisted brain tumor operation in May, successfully removing an 11mm pituitary gland tumor while preserving the patient's eyesight

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. The procedure, conducted on 48-year-old Rhys Hibbert, a customer service manager from Bedfordshire, marks a significant milestone in real-time AI assistance during neurosurgery. Details of the operation were withheld until Thursday while Hibbert recovered

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Source: Futurism

Source: Futurism

The AI system analyzed live video from an endoscopic camera during the operation, color-coding and flagging critical anatomy including nerves and blood vessels that surgeons needed to avoid

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. While the surgical team retained full control throughout the procedure, the technology provided an additional layer of support during one of neurosurgery's most confined and delicate operating environments

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High-Risk Medical Procedure Demands Precision

The pituitary gland sits at the base of the skull, positioned dangerously close to the optic nerves controlling vision and major blood vessels supplying the brain. Surgical precision matters enormously in this region—a mistake of even a millimeter can cause blindness, stroke, or death

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. Complication rates for this type of surgery typically range from a 25-50% chance of incomplete tumor removal to a 0.5-2% risk of injuring major blood vessels

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Hibbert was diagnosed in 2024 after collapsing during a lunchtime walk. Initially managed without surgery, his condition deteriorated with severe hormone imbalances and progressive vision loss that narrowed his peripheral vision

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. "For 18 years of married life I've always got out of bed and made my wife a cup of coffee, and I wasn't going to let this tumour stop that," Hibbert said

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. Without the operation, he faced going blind

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How the AI System Works

Developed at University College London's Hawkes Institute, the system was trained on hundreds of annotated videos from previous endoscopic pituitary operations

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. Dr. Sophia Bano, associate professor in robotics and AI at UCL and the technical lead, explained that the system learned from surgical examples that would take a surgeon many years to encounter

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Source: CXOToday

Source: CXOToday

The technology functions similarly to facial recognition on phones but recognizes important and often hidden anatomical structures instead

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. During the operation, it processed live footage from the endoscope inserted through Hibbert's nose, marking areas where vessels and nerves were most likely located and highlighting safer zones for tumor removal

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. The system runs on NVIDIA Clara IGX platform, designed specifically for real-time medical applications

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Prof Hani Marcus, who performed the procedure with surgical resident Danyal Khan, noted that the system acts "like an expert second pair of eyes" trained on more operations than most surgeons see in a lifetime

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. The average UK surgeon performs only 10 to 20 of these operations annually, typically relying on pre-surgical scans to familiarize themselves with patient anatomy

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Remarkable Patient Outcomes

"When I opened my eyes after the operation it felt like I had got 360-degree vision—I hadn't seen that clearly for a year," Hibbert reported

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. Within a week of surgery, he could walk independently without glasses or walking sticks, and he returned to work within weeks

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. His vision continued improving every few days during the eight-week recovery period, and all pre-surgery side effects disappeared

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Source: BBC

Source: BBC

Future Implications and Development

The clinical trial received funding from the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Google, with additional support from UCLH's Biomedical Research Centre, the Royal College of Surgeons, EPSRC, and Wellcome

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. Prof Mike Lewis, the NIHR's scientific director for innovation, called it "pioneering surgery" demonstrating advanced AI's potential to support surgeons and improve patient care

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The research team's long-term ambition extends beyond anatomy identification. They envision developing a type of ChatGPT for surgeons—"another expert in the room they can turn to for advice if they want it—or leave if they disagree with it," Marcus explained

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. Future versions could track surgical instruments and monitor tissue interactions, providing additional feedback during complex procedures

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A 2024 paper published in npj Digital Medicine showed that AI assistance raised anatomical annotation accuracy from 70.7% to 77.5%, with particularly strong improvements for medical students whose scores jumped from 66.2% to 78.9%

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. Researchers previously stated in 2023 that they expected AI assistance in brain surgery within about two years—a timeline they met

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Hibbert reflected on the historical significance: "The NHNN was founded in 1859 and was the world's first dedicated neurosurgical hospital. So to me, it seems very fitting that the same hospital should also be the world's first to carry out an AI-assisted neurosurgery"

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. The team now works on expanding the trial to assess broader applications and refine the technology for wider surgical use.

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